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Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Ashford

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A low-rise residential project on the eastern edge of Ashford, near the M20 corridor, ran into trouble last autumn because the contractor assumed the sandy clay across the site was uniform. After three footing inspections failed, it turned out that lenses of silt and fine sand were migrating water differently across the plot. That delay cost the developer six weeks. Our laboratory ran a full grain size analysis on the samples we pulled from the trial pits, and the combined sieve and hydrometer curve clarified exactly where the problem layers sat. In a town like Ashford, where the geology flips from Weald Clay to Hythe Beds and river terrace gravels within half a mile, relying on visual classification alone is a gamble. The particle size distribution tells you whether your subgrade will drain or hold water, and whether your compaction spec is even achievable with the material on site. We often complement the sieve work with Atterberg limits testing when the fines content exceeds 35%, because the plasticity data is what really predicts volume change behaviour in the Ashford clays.

A combined sieve and hydrometer curve is the only way to confirm whether your fill material meets the grading envelope before the first lorry arrives on site.

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Scope of work

The test setup starts with a stack of 200 mm diameter brass sieves arranged from 75 mm down to 63 microns, loaded into a mechanical shaker that runs a timed cycle, typically 10 to 15 minutes depending on the aggregate size. For the coarse fraction retained on the 63 µm sieve, we dry-weigh each fraction to 0.1 g resolution and plot the cumulative percentage passing. The material that washes through the 63 µm sieve goes into a 1000 ml sedimentation cylinder for the hydrometer analysis, where we track density changes at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and so on over a 24-hour period using a calibrated 152H hydrometer. The Ashford lab runs all sedimentation trials in a temperature-controlled water bath at 20°C ± 0.5°C because the local groundwater can be quite cold straight from the borehole, and temperature correction is mandatory under BS 5930. Once both datasets are merged, the combined grading curve gives a continuous picture from gravel down to the clay fraction. For earthworks specifications in the Ashford area, this combined curve is the single most useful sheet of paper on the desk when the contractor and the engineer disagree about material suitability.
Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Ashford
Technical reference — Ashford

Area-specific notes

The most common mistake we see on Ashford sites is a contractor ordering a simple PSD by dry sieving alone and then assuming the sub-63 micron fraction is all inert silt. In the Stour valley and along the Great Stour floodplain, the fines often contain a significant proportion of active clay minerals, and if you do not run the hydrometer sedimentation stage, you will never detect the true clay fraction. We have seen earthworks specifications that called for a well-graded granular fill, yet the site-won material, once the full grading curve was plotted, showed 22% clay content and a uniformity coefficient below 3. That material swelled after the first wet winter and the pavement heave cost more than the original lab work would have. The second error is temperature neglect. Ashford groundwater in winter can arrive at the bench at 9°C, and if the technician does not apply the temperature correction to the hydrometer reading, the reported clay fraction can be off by 4 to 6 percentage points. That error flows straight into the classification and the compaction specification. In short, the combined curve is not a luxury; it is the difference between a specification that works and one that fails quietly over two seasons.

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Standards used

BS 5930:2015 + A1:2020 – Code of practice for ground investigations, BS EN ISO 17892-4:2016 – Determination of particle size distribution, Eurocode 7 – BS EN 1997-2:2007 – Ground investigation and testing

Typical values


ParameterTypical value
Sieve range75 mm to 63 µm (BS 410 mesh)
Hydrometer type152H, calibrated at 20°C
Sedimentation period0.5 min to 24 hours (full curve)
Minimum sample mass500 g for fine soils, 5 kg for granular
Dispersing agentSodium hexametaphosphate solution
Reporting standardBS 5930:2015 + A1:2020 and BS EN ISO 17892-4
Key derived parametersD10, D30, D60, Cu, Cc

Frequently asked questions

How much does a combined sieve and hydrometer grain size analysis cost in Ashford?

For a single sample tested to BS 5930 with the full combined curve, the cost typically falls between £90 and £170, depending on whether it is a routine turnaround or a priority request. We can offer reduced rates for batch testing when you submit four or more samples from the same Ashford site.

Why do I need the hydrometer analysis if the soil looks sandy?

Even sandy soils in the Ashford area, particularly those from the Hythe Beds or river terrace deposits, often carry 10 to 20 percent fines that control permeability and frost heave behaviour. The hydrometer sedimentation stage quantifies the silt and clay fractions separately, which is essential for accurate classification under BS 5930 and for designing drainage layers or subgrade improvement.

How long does the laboratory take to deliver the results?

A standard combined analysis (sieve plus hydrometer) requires a minimum of 24 hours for the sedimentation reading cycle, so the full report is typically issued within 3 to 5 working days. For urgent site decisions, we can prioritise the dry sieving portion and provide a preliminary grading curve within 24 hours, followed by the complete hydrometer dataset once the sedimentation cycle finishes.

What sample mass do you need from the site?

For a fine-grained soil we need a minimum of 500 grams of disturbed material sealed in a plastic bag. For granular soils with particles up to 75 mm, we require at least 5 kilograms to ensure the coarse fraction is statistically representative. If you are sampling from trial pits in the Ashford area, we can supply sample bags and labels in advance.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Ashford and surrounding areas.

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